What is true on Humanoids?

Robots learn by watching people work. Most of what they watch is staged. At @Maxinsights, we capture real work at natural speed in real homes, restaurants, and hotels. 2M+ hours so far. Today we’re announcing a $30M seed round led by @PeakXVPartners, plus two new products: MaxLoop: same-day quality scores on every clip MaxGlove: touch and force data a camera can't capture Thank you to our investors, builders, operators and customers. More to come.

🇺🇸 @Tesla is generating strong free cash flow while advancing its AI, robotics, and autonomy roadmap, and @ElonMusk sees major upside in combining it with @SpaceX. Tesla refined its 2026 capital plan to roughly $20 billion and delivered a surprise $1.53 billion in free cash flow last quarter. The company continues to invest in Optimus, @robotaxi/Cybercab, AI compute, and related initiatives, while managing capital efficiently to fund growth primarily from operations. Elon called a Tesla-SpaceX merger a “good idea,” noting substantial synergies across superintelligence software, chip design, robotics, energy, mass-to-orbit, and connectivity.

You can build your own humanoid robot. https://t.co/2qoiOa3Xb8 https://t.co/JEMl3VewMt

I wonder if I can source the parts from MicroCenter? https://t.co/VmWC4Q29Bo

@asimovinc Does it come with a mini course to teach how it was made

MicroDuck looks like a cute desk toy. The hardware tells a different story. At just 25 cm tall and around 780 g, this small robotic duck packs a surprising amount of engineering into its body. Here’s what’s inside: • 15 motors controlling its legs, head, neck and beak • Rockchip RK3566 processor • 1 GB RAM and 32 GB storage • A camera for visual input • An 8-microphone array for audio input That combination gives MicroDuck the hardware for movement, vision and voice interaction in a compact form. The robot needs to manage multiple joints while responding to its surroundings. Small robots like this are also interesting because they bring robotics closer to everyday environments. A compact platform can be easier to place on a desk, carry around and use for experiments than a full-sized humanoid. Of course, the hardware specs alone don't tell us how well it performs. Real-world tests would help answer questions about walking stability, voice recognition, response time and battery life. Still, MicroDuck is a good reminder that you don't need a human-sized robot to explore the engineering behind embodied AI. Would you keep a robotic duck on your desk if it could move, see and talk to you?

How do you teach a humanoid robot to walk without programming every move? Reinforcement learning step by step 1. Build a simulation (MuJoCo or NVIDIA Isaac Lab) with joints motors sensors and a physics model. 2. Define the task: walk forward while keeping balance. 3. Write a reward function points for moving toward the target staying upright and matching the desired speed. Penalties for falls, wasted energy and unstable movements. 4. A neural network, the policy, reads the robot's state (joint positions, joint velocities, body orientation) and outputs target positions or torques for each joint. 5. An algorithm like PPO updates the policy over many episodes and millions of simulated time steps. 6. Close the sim-to-real gap with domain randomization, then test carefully in the real world.

How do you teach a humanoid robot to walk without programming every move? Reinforcement learning step by step 1. Build a simulation (MuJoCo or NVIDIA Isaac Lab) with joints motors sensors and a physics model. 2. Define the task: walk forward while keeping balance. 3. Write a reward function points for moving toward the target staying upright and matching the desired speed. Penalties for falls, wasted energy and unstable movements. 4. A neural network, the policy, reads the robot's state (joint positions, joint velocities, body orientation) and outputs target positions or torques for each joint. 5. An algorithm like PPO updates the policy over many episodes and millions of simulated time steps. 6. Close the sim-to-real gap with domain randomization, then test carefully in the real world.

🇺🇸 @ElonMusk’s two biggest companies, SpaceX and Tesla, report earnings this week. @SpaceX reports today, @Tesla tomorrow. Both are aggressively building for SI: last quarter alone, SpaceX put $15.8 billion of its $18.4 billion investment budget into it. That’s the kind of infrastructure spend that can actually scale superintelligence, robotics, and mass-to-space. Investors are also watching for any further alignment between the companies. Tesla’s new shareholder filing includes standard change-in-control provisions in Elon’s long-term stock awards (common in executive packages to protect incentives in a major deal). Any combination would still need the proper process, but the overlap in AI, chips, energy, and robotics keeps growing.

You're not ready for this. One of the most human-like humanoid robots has just entered production. Tesla says Optimus production has started on its high volume manufacturing lines in Fremont with the first production quality units coming off the line. Tesla says the current process is suitable for a commercial product, although the hardware and manufacturing methods will continue to evolve. The company has also outlined plans for a Fremont line capable of producing up to 1 million robots per year. That is a target capacity, not its current output. How quickly can Tesla move from early production to manufacturing humanoid robots at scale? And what production numbers will we see over the next 12 months? Source @ SawyerMerritt

THIS year already - i mean, if wheel-based semi-humanoid counts? https://t.co/yHa1yOiF97

Tesla's Q3 earnings deck: "Optimus production began in Fremont on our high-volume lines. The bots coming off this line are the first production-quality bots that we have manufactured. While we will continue to iterate on the hardware and manufacturing process, we have proven that the current manufacturing process for Optimus is suitable for a commercial product."

Most people just saw a humanoid robot throwing kicks and flipping off cars. But the H2-X has some technical details worth looking at. Here’s what the footage and the available specifications tell us about Unitree’s Kung Fu Legend Guardian. ▪️ Height: approximately 170 cm, according to the H2-X booth panel. ▪️ Weight: approximately 65 kg, according to the same panel. ▪️ Degrees of freedom: 31, covering the robot’s articulated body. ▪️ Joint layout: 6 DOF per leg, 7 per arm, 3 at the waist and 2 at the head. This breakdown is reported for the H2 and has not been independently confirmed for the H2-X. ▪️ Battery endurance: Unitree advertises approximately 8 hours. The operating conditions and runtime during intense movement have not been published. ▪️ Battery design: two battery modules are visible on the robot’s back. Their capacity has not been disclosed. ▪️ Joint torque: figures of up to 360 N·m for the legs and 120 N·m for the arms are associated with the H2. They are not confirmed H2-X specifications. ▪️ Computing power: up to 2,070 TOPS is reported for a high-end H2 configuration. Its use in the H2-X remains unconfirmed. ▪️ Sensors: binocular wide-angle vision, an inertial measurement unit and joint sensors are listed for the H2. The H2-X sensor package has not been fully documented. ▪️ Speed and payload: figures below 2 m/s, 7 kg continuous payload and 21 kg short-duration payload are reported for the H2, not confirmed H2-X ratings. ▪️ Recovery: the demonstration shows the robot getting back up after a vehicle runs over it. No standardized recovery test results have been published. ▪️ Autonomy: no detailed explanation of teleoperation, preprogrammed sequences or onboard decision-making has been released. One detail deserves attention: the booth lists the H2-X at around 170 cm and 65 kg, while many reports quote 182 cm and 70 kg from the older H2. The distinction matters when comparing the hardware. Unitree has yet to publish a complete H2-X datasheet covering torque, computing hardware, payload, battery capacity and autonomous operation. Which specification would you want Unitree to publish first? #Unitree #HumanoidRobots #Robotics #PhysicalAI #AI

Tesla's Q3 earnings deck: "Optimus production began in Fremont on our high-volume lines. The bots coming off this line are the first production-quality bots that we have manufactured. While we will continue to iterate on the hardware and manufacturing process, we have proven that the current manufacturing process for Optimus is suitable for a commercial product."

Tesla's Q3 earnings deck: "Optimus production began in Fremont on our high-volume lines. The bots coming off this line are the first production-quality bots that we have manufactured. While we will continue to iterate on the hardware and manufacturing process, we have proven that the current manufacturing process for Optimus is suitable for a commercial product."

Why is nobody talking about this? ToddlerBot is a 0.56 m, 3.4 kg humanoid robot built at Stanford by Haochen Shi, Weizhuo Wang, Shuran Song and C. Karen Liu. Its goal is to make robot learning cheap and easy to reproduce. The full hardware costs under 6,000 USD. Hardware - 30 active degrees of freedom: 7 per arm, 6 per leg, 2 in the neck, 2 in the waist - Dynamixel servos (XC330, XC430, 2XC430, 2XL430 and XM430 in the current open-source configuration) - 3D-printed structure: a full repair takes about 21 minutes of printing and 14 minutes of assembly - Jetson Orin NX 16 GB, two fisheye cameras, an IMU, two microphones and a speaker Sim-to-real - Zero-point calibration and motor system identification produce a digital twin of the robot - Walking: an RL policy trained in MuJoCo MJX and transferred to the real robot with no extra training, up to 0.25 m/s in any direction and 1 rad/s in place - Push-ups and pull-ups: keyframed motions, also transferred with no extra training Manipulation - RGB diffusion policies trained on 60 teleoperated demonstrations per task - Real-time onboard depth estimation at 10 Hz from the stereo fisheye cameras - A policy trained on one robot runs on another, and two robots tidied a room together Measured limits - Payload: 1,484 g, about 40% of its body weight - Endurance: 19 minutes of walking before motor heating affects stability - Durability: up to 7 falls before a part breaks - The cartwheel works, but its success rate is still low

Q3 Shareholder Update → https://t.co/u0UcDOuMNa Highlights – FSD Supervised attach rate grew to over 75% of new vehicle deliveries in NA – Unveiled the next-gen Roadster – Record deliveries in Canada, Australia, Japan & Taiwan – Tesla Semi now in volume production. Top variant can go up to 500 miles at a full 82,000 lbs while achieving efficiency of 1.7 kWh/mile – about a third of the energy a comparable diesel truck burns for the same load – Ended the quarter with the largest backlog for our passenger vehicles in 4 years! FSD Supervised – 4 new approvals since Q2 (Croatia, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Slovakia) – FSD is now live in nine EU countries & used by over 100,000 customers logging more than 160 million kilometers since initial approval Robotaxi – Deployed Cybercab into our Austin fleet – Hit nearly 2 million cumulative unsupervised miles, 8x growth in the quarter – Austin service now runs 6 am to midnight, with wait times continuing to come down as we add cars & improve the orchestration algorithms – Added Grok to Cybercab with Grok Bot & Connectors, letting you interface with your inbox, calendar, files, chats and tasks, all by voice. Transport, office & living room in one Robotics – Started production of @Tesla_Optimus on our high-volume lines in Fremont. These are the first production-quality bots we've built, proving that the current manufacturing process for Optimus is suitable for a commercial product SI Compute – On track for 400 MW of training compute by year end, feeding both vehicle & humanoid autonomy – Austin Fab construction continues, equipment commissioning planned for 2027 Battery – Battery supply is still the limiter on how fast we ramp vehicles globally, so we're expanding on every front: pack capacity in Berlin, cathode and lithium refining in Texas, LFP cells in Nevada – Shipped the first Megapacks built entirely with our own LFP cells – Increasing 4680 output to support ramp of Cybercab, Semi & Model Y Energy – Megafactory Texas is up & running, with Megapack 3 production started – Highest-ever order rate & backlog for energy storage Grid constraints & power availability are making Megapack the answer for SI infrastructure demand: it excels at supplying large data center loads, smooths out demand spikes, helps new projects meet grid connection rules & makes the grid itself more stable All with less local fossil fuel generation Supporting Infrastructure – Added 2,100+ net new Supercharger stalls, up 14% year over year

BOOOM 🚨 $TSLA's Q3 2026 update is out. Non-GAAP EPS came in at $0.48, ahead of the roughly $0.43 to $0.45 analysts expected 🔥 But the most revealing parts of the deck have little to do with EPS. They show a company steadily shifting its weight from cars to robots, robotaxis, and AI 🔥 🧠 FSD is now on more than three out of four new cars in North America. Over 75% of new North American deliveries included FSD in Q3, up nearly 20 percentage points from Q2. Active FSD subscriptions reached 1.74 million, up from 1.48 million last quarter and 1.04 million a year ago. That count includes both upfront purchases and monthly subscriptions, and it leaves out free trials. Europe is opening up too. Croatia, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia have approved FSD (Supervised) since the end of Q2, bringing the total to nine EU countries. More than 100,000 European customers have already driven over 160 million kilometers on it, or nearly 100 million miles. Tesla says FSD subscriptions helped lift revenue and that FSD is driving demand wherever it's available. Put those together, and software is becoming a real revenue stream that can grow across the cars already on the road, not just with new sales. The outlook points the same way, with Tesla expecting hardware profits to be joined by faster growth in SI, software, and fleet-based profits. 🤖 Optimus has moved from prototypes to a real production line. Optimus production has started on Tesla's high-volume lines in Fremont. The bots coming off that line are the first production-quality Optimus units Tesla has ever built, and Tesla says it has proven the current process is ready for a commercial product. The capacity table lists Fremont as "Early Ramp" and shows a second Optimus site already under construction in Texas. Tesla hasn't shared a capacity number for either one yet. This is the jump from prototypes to manufactured units, and that's the step that matters most for bringing costs down. Building a second site before the first one has even ramped suggests Tesla expects demand well beyond what Fremont can handle. The missing capacity figure is a reminder that the ramp is still early. 🚕 Cybercab is now giving rides in Austin, and unsupervised miles are growing fast. Tesla started Robotaxi rides with Cybercab in Austin on September 3. By the end of the quarter, the Robotaxi service had logged nearly 2 million cumulative unsupervised miles, eight times the total from three months earlier. Austin service now runs from 6am to midnight. Texas now shows more than 125,000 units of installed annual Cybercab capacity with "Production" status. Tesla points out that installed capacity isn't the same as the current production rate, and it says battery supply is still the main constraint on vehicle volumes. It's ramping 4680 cells specifically to support Cybercab and Semi. There's also a telling line in the outlook. Tesla says deliveries will depend partly on "allocation decisions between sale to customers and use for our owned and operated fleet." In plain English, Tesla is openly weighing how many cars to keep for its own network instead of selling them. With the tooling listed as in production, batteries look like what will set the pace for Cybercab. Inside the car, riders get Grok with voice access to their inbox, calendar, files, and tasks, and Tesla pitches the cabin as "a second living room." Tesla is clearly thinking about what riders do during the trip, not just the trip itself. ⚡ Tesla plans to grow its AI training compute by about 50% in a single quarter. Cortex 1 and Cortex 2 in Texas are rated at more than 105 MW and 120 MW, and Tesla has another 40 MW of compute on top of that, for roughly 265 MW in total. The goal is 400 MW by the end of the year, and Tesla says this compute trains autonomy software for both its vehicles and its humanoid robots. Tesla is also building its own chip fab in Austin and plans to start commissioning equipment there in 2027. It hasn't said yet which chips the fab will make. All of this shows up in the spending. R&D rose to $2.76 billion, up 69% from a year ago, and capex hit $4.73 billion, more than double last year's $2.25 billion. Even so, free cash flow stayed positive at $1.5 billion, and cash grew to $45.4 billion. Because one compute pool trains both FSD and Optimus, progress on one can feed the other. A chip fab is one of the boldest vertical integration moves Tesla has made, and staying cash-positive while building it makes that bet much easier to fund. 🔭 Tesla is building every piece of its next chapter at the same time. Robots are coming off a production line, driverless Cybercabs are carrying riders, FSD is turning into recurring software revenue, and the compute behind all of it is about to grow by half. Each piece makes the others stronger, and together they point to a Tesla whose future depends less on how many cars it sells and more on what its AI can do.

This might be one of the most minimalist snake robots ever built. • One motor. • No dozens of actuated joints. • Crawls, climbs between walls and swims. It's called SAW (Single Actuator Wave-like robot), developed by Dr. David Zarrouk's Bio-Inspired and Medical Robotics Lab at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. How it works • A single motor rotates a helix inside the robot's body. • 3D-printed links follow the helix to create a continuous wave. • The links push against the surrounding surface to propel the robot. • Front wheels handle steering. The numbers • 57 cm/s on flat ground • Around 5× faster than similar wave robots • Around 8 cm/s in a tunnel, with contact against both walls • Around 6 cm/s while swimming in its waterproof version One gait, multiple environments • Gravel, sand and grass • Obstacles and narrow passages • Pipes, tunnels and water The same wave-like motion works across these environments without changing the gait. Why use one motor? Traditional snake robots often rely on 10, 20 or 30 motors. SAW uses a single actuator, reducing the number of moving parts and making the design lighter, simpler to manufacture and suitable for 3D printing. Possible applications • Search and rescue in collapsed buildings • Inspection of pipes and tunnels • Medical imaging and biopsies inside the digestive tract, with a miniaturized version around 1 cm wide or less The research was published in Bioinspiration & Biomimetics under the title Single actuator wavelike robot (SAW): design modeling, and experiments. What caught my attention is how the helical mechanism generates the motion with just one motor. The mechanical design does most of the work

ARK just released its new Tesla model, it sees $TSLA worth $17.5 TRILLION by 2031 ($4,400 per share!) Here's how they get there: 1. Units in 2031: 8.1M robotaxis, 10.2M cars sold, 1M Optimus robots and 2,278 GWh of storage 2. Revenue by product: robotaxi $753B (52%), cars $320B (22%), Optimus $212B (15%) and storage $163B (11%) 3. 2031 financials: $1.449T in revenue, $902B EBITDA at a 61% margin 4. Robotaxi makes up ~80% of Tesla's enterprise value and Optimus is 14% 5. ARK sizes the humanoid robot market at ~$26T, bigger than the $10T-$15T it sees for robotaxi 6. Cybercab's cost per mile is ~40% below Waymo's next-gen robotaxi 7. Tesla's AI infrastructure spend reaches ~$225B cumulative by 2031, including Terafab with SpaceX Also, NOT in the model but an interesting take, a possible SpaceX merger, which would mean $3.8T in combined 2031 revenue and $2.74T in EBITDA At those numbers, the combination of these two companies would be larger than $50 TRILLION in market cap Personally, I have not modelled this far out for the two companies, but I do believe that SpaceX will become the largest company in the world and the first to reach $100 Trillion The combination of Tesla and SpaceX is ultimately how they get there, which I explained in detail in the post below This is a big reason I gave Milk Road PRO members the signal to buy $SPCX when it hit $115 a few months back. For more signals like this and to see my entire real-time portfolio (and 4 other analysts), check out Milk Road PRO here: https://t.co/0kheLn0QRB

Ropedia Super Week, Day 3 | S-Agent 2.0: Give a Coding Agent Spatial Perception, and It Beats GPT-6

What does it take to build a humanoid robot that can walk without falling? Dropbear recorded 128 walking tests with zero falls. But every test ran in simulation, with external pushes turned off. Developed by Hyperspawn and Point Blank, Dropbear is an open-source humanoid robot. The entire robot is available on GitHub, giving developers access to the project and a chance to study how it works. The next step is testing how well it handles disturbances and unexpected changes in the real world

Asimov 1 is an open-source reference humanoid robot. It ships as a complete DIY kit. $20,000 total, delivered to your door. https://t.co/OzL6JI3ZDB https://t.co/mZt5hidLLw

I turned @asimovinc's open-source Asimov 1 into an interactive 3D robotics workshop. Built from 1,184 real CAD parts, with Menlo's own walking policy running in a live physics simulation in your browser. 🟠 BUILD the robot using Menlo's assembly instructions. 🟠 UNDERSTAND its mechanisms, including the parallel ankle linkage. 🟠 TEST its walking policy, apply a push, and freeze the simulation to inspect every joint. Built with @threejs. Fully open-source. Try it yourself: https://t.co/EeZ4Bn6WQa

Unitree Introducing: H2-X Kung Fu Legend Guardian🤖 Powerful performance to serve and guard you, with a maximum endurance of approximately 8 hours. Please use the robot safely and in a friendly manner. https://t.co/5RU5kDzSUK

Generative Bionics plans a 5,000 m² humanoid training hub in Italy, targeting Q4 2027. Powered by AMD Helios, it would combine real-world GENE.01 robot training with digital-twin simulations—the first of three planned facilities. https://t.co/EO812iStl5

Unitree H2 is like superhero Fending off an intruder armed with a knife Lifting a car to rescue someone trapped underneath Pushing a pedestrian out of the path of an oncoming vehicle … In a chaotic and complex real world, Humanoid robots are needed to protect humanity… https://t.co/ME9Iz4V4ni https://t.co/qg1bh1rGci

Unitree Introducing: H2-X Kung Fu Legend Guardian🤖 Powerful performance to serve and guard you, with a maximum endurance of approximately 8 hours. Please use the robot safely and in a friendly manner. https://t.co/5RU5kDzSUK

Unitree Introducing: H2-X Kung Fu Legend Guardian🤖 Powerful performance to serve and guard you, with a maximum endurance of approximately 8 hours. Please use the robot safely and in a friendly manner. https://t.co/5RU5kDzSUK

Unitree Introducing: H2-X Kung Fu Legend Guardian🤖 Powerful performance to serve and guard you, with a maximum endurance of approximately 8 hours. Please use the robot safely and in a friendly manner. https://t.co/5RU5kDzSUK

I kneel... training @asimovinc to transfer from lying on the ground (back/belly/side) to a half kneel, with hopes of translating next from a half kneel to full stand. Trying to find the best way to get up off the ground. https://t.co/TPz46juuvu

What does it take to build a humanoid robot that can walk without falling? Dropbear recorded 128 walking tests with zero falls. But every test ran in simulation, with external pushes turned off. Developed by Hyperspawn and Point Blank, Dropbear is an open-source humanoid robot. The entire robot is available on GitHub, giving developers access to the project and a chance to study how it works. The next step is testing how well it handles disturbances and unexpected changes in the real world

Humanoid robot market: $5.41B in 2026 → $50.27B by 2035. That’s a projected CAGR of 28.1%. Asia-Pacific held 42.6% of the market in 2025, ahead of North America at 29.3%. Key application areas include manufacturing logistics healthcare and education. The forecasts vary across research firms but the market is expected to grow over the coming decade. Sources: • MarketsandMarkets (July 2026) • Fortune Business Insights • Grand View Research • Goldman Sachs via Investing .com

Are VLAs/robot foundation models or agentic coding models for robotics the future? (Both) https://t.co/rXrSGHjlJ6

You can build an 8-servo robotic hand for under €200 in parts. The AmazingHand by Pollen Robotics has two options: DIY: source 8 Feetech SCS0009 servos, print the mechanical structure in 3D and assemble the linkages using the free GitHub files. Seeed Studio kit around $89, or €119.43 including VAT at RobotShop Europe. It includes the structure, 8 servos, a XIAO-compatible control board, power supply, cables and hardware. Both require assembly. The DIY route gives you the parts list and printable design. The kit bundles the components. Which route would you take to build your own robotic hand?

What Is Physical AI and Why Is Everyone Suddenly Talking About It

Our co-founder's earlier robots could run. Digit 5 can't. Jonathan Hurst on why, in @IEEESpectrum: https://t.co/p3s7dukeRB #Agility #MadeForWork #Digit5 https://t.co/IuB1mfwGCX

First bay area event last night in Berkeley: Humanoid Night - for builders. Met a bunch of founders working on robotics. Some were friends of friends. Pretty neat how dense the network is here. Also got to play with an Asimov 1 for the first time. @menloresearch If you're in the bay area and working on humanoids or working in maritime, hmu. Trying to meet as many people as I can.

@asimovinc Amazing. How much of the stack have you actually opened up?

Introducing Voxel, a droid butler made by Tuesday Labs. https://t.co/Mq2wTtE8cz

Rodney Brooks, Jonathan Hurst, and Ken Goldberg on the same stage to open RoboBusiness 2026. That is a genuinely strong lineup for a "next 20 years" keynote. 1,600 attendees, 40+ sessions across five tracks including Humanoids and Field Robotics, with speakers from Agility, Boston Dynamics, Tesla, Amazon Robotics, and ABB all in one place. The closing Day 1 keynote, "Beyond the Demo: AI in Production Robotics," is the one to watch. Getting from controlled demos to repeatable production deployments is the actual hard problem right now. What question would you most want Brooks, Hurst, or Goldberg to answer about where robotics is headed in the next two decades?

Humanoids Summit partners with @Tesla to bring #Optimus and complimentary Full Self-Driving demo drives to all Summit attendees. Join us December 1–2 in Silicon Valley for the sixth #HumanoidsSummit, bringing together global leaders in #humanoidrobotics and #PhysicalAI. https://t.co/jx0jNDF4w3

Anyone can build a humanoid robot. We built a G1-class humanoid, because the G1 doesn't let developers own the stack from first principles. So we made Asimov 1 and open-sourced it. Start building. The road becomes clear once you're moving. https://t.co/ofjIrFmDhM

Ropedia Super Week, Day 1 | Ropedia W0: Different Robots, One World Model